The history of science in the 21st century has undergone a ‘global turn’, moving beyond linear, Eurocentric narratives toward rewriting the history of science through the movement and exchange of knowledge, objects, and people. Situated within this broader intellectual shift, this lecture examines how the Chinese medical classic Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) and the pharmaceutical knowledge it contained were received, translated, and reconfigured in Britain, Joseon Korea, and Japan. Rather than treating knowledge as a fixed body of information, the lecture focuses on the practices through which knowledge was produced, adapted, and rewritten. Drawing on examples such as the specimen and correspondence networks established by the London pharmacologist Daniel Hanbury and the selective appropriation and reorganization of materia medica in Seo Yu-gu’s Imwon Gyeongjeji (Comprehensive Treatise on Rural Life), the lecture argues that what circulated across regions was not abstract knowledge alone, but also texts, material objects, and people. By comparing the distinct practices that emerged through these processes of circulation, it seeks to reimagine the history of natural knowledge, rather than simply the history of the natural sciences, as a polycentric and de-Westernized global history. In the latter part of the lecture, the speaker will consider how viewing both China and the West from the vantage point of Korea can offer a more balanced and effective approach to de-Westernizing and de-modernizing the writing of the history of science.