08 4월 [Article] 발전주의 국가 한국의 가임여성 통치전략에 대한 페미니스트 역사지리적 고찰 Dissecting the Korean Developmental State’s Governmental Strategy on Fertile Women from the Perspective of Feminist Historical Geography
황진태,
발전주의 국가 한국의 가임여성 통치전략에 대한 페미니스트 역사지리적 고찰
Dissecting the Korean Developmental State’s Governmental Strategy on Fertile Women from the Perspective of Feminist Historical Geography
문화역사지리, 2018, vol.30, no.1, 통권 66호 pp. 78-96 (19 pages)
Abstract
본 논문은 페미니스트 역사지리학의 측면에서 발전주의 국가 한국의 가임여성 통치전략을 살펴본다. 지난 박근혜 정부에서 공개된 ‘대한민국 출산지도’는 오늘날 저출산의 원인을 여성에게 귀속시키고, 사회경제적 구조들은간과하는 남성중심적 시각 때문에 사회적 논란을 야기했다. 이 사건을 해석하는 관점들은 한국 남성들의 남성중심성이나 박근혜 정권의 비합리적 특성의 연장선상으로 바라보는 경향이 있다. 하지만 페미니스트 역사지리학적 접근을 차용한 본 연구에서 필자는 1960년대 이후부터 민주화 이전까지 발전주의 국가 한국은 근대화와 산업화를 성공적으로 성취하기 위하여, 가족계획사업과 이를 합리화하는 공간적/비공간적 재현전략들을 통하여 가임여성을통치하고자 했음을 밝히고, 포스트 발전주의 국가의 인구정책을 이해하는데 있어서도 지난 발전주의 국가의 경로의존성과의 관계적, 역사적 접근이 요구됨을 강조한다.
This paper aims to dissect the Korean developmental state’s governmental strategy on fertile women from the perspective of feminist historical geography. In late 2016, the Park Geun-hye government unveiled an online “fertility map” that used shades of pink to rank towns and cities by the number of fertile women. The map caused a storm of criticism, because it treated low fertility as a problem only related to women while excluding broad socio-economic factors. Rather than viewing male-dominated culture or characteristic of the irrational Park regime as the main reasons for explaining the case, we need to explore, based on feminist historical geography, how the past authoritarian regimes governmentalized fertile women for family planning and its resultant modernization. In particular, it reveals that various spatial/non-spatial representations were significant to make forced family planning rational and necessary. Based on these analyses, I argue that our understanding of the current postdevelopmental state’s population policy action such as the “fertility map” should be linked to the path-dependency of the past developmental state.
This paper aims to dissect the Korean developmental state’s governmental strategy on fertile women from the perspective of feminist historical geography. In late 2016, the Park Geun-hye government unveiled an online “fertility map” that used shades of pink to rank towns and cities by the number of fertile women. The map caused a storm of criticism, because it treated low fertility as a problem only related to women while excluding broad socio-economic factors. Rather than viewing male-dominated culture or characteristic of the irrational Park regime as the main reasons for explaining the case, we need to explore, based on feminist historical geography, how the past authoritarian regimes governmentalized fertile women for family planning and its resultant modernization. In particular, it reveals that various spatial/non-spatial representations were significant to make forced family planning rational and necessary. Based on these analyses, I argue that our understanding of the current postdevelopmental state’s population policy action such as the “fertility map” should be linked to the path-dependency of the past developmental state.