Israel–Hamas conflicts are salient events, yet Islamist organizations in Muslim-majority countries respond differently to conflict outbreaks. This study posits that Israel-related grievances compete with domestic economic conditions for public attention, influencing the likelihood that an Islamist organization will protest over Israel. Using original data on 389 Islamist organizations, I find that economic downturns are associated with a decreased likelihood of protest related to Israel during Israel–Hamas conflicts. These findings show that conflict timing and economic conditions interact to drive Islamist organizations’ protest behavior.
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